Anti-migration operation in Mayotte exposes inequalities and stirs tensions

The French government has deployed 2,000 troops and police to the island territory of Mayotte in an effort to address migration challenges, including mass expulsions, slum demolitions, and the eradication of violent gangs. However, the operation has faced setbacks, raised concerns of abuse, and further strained relations between local residents and immigrants from neighboring Comoros. The situation has exposed entrenched poverty, highlighted inequalities between Mayotte and the rest of France, and intensified debates about the island’s status.

Mayotte, although part of France, remains the poorest region in the country, with an average annual income higher than that of Comoros, its nearby independent neighbor. This economic disparity has led to an influx of migrants seeking better opportunities. Some residents believe that the French state’s neglect is at the root of Mayotte’s problems, emphasizing the need for attention and support.

Anti-migrant groups on Mayotte have taken matters into their own hands, blocking hospitals treating foreigners and disrupting shipments to Comoros. In response, youth gangs have retaliated, creating a challenging situation for military forces and police trying to maintain control on the island.

Both communities in Mayotte and Comoros have a shared history and are predominantly Black. Mayotte’s choice to remain French in a 1974 referendum, while the other islands voted for independence, has led to ongoing tensions between the populations.

Mayotte’s population has nearly quadrupled since 1991, with many immigrants seeking French residency for their children. However, once these individuals turn 18, limited job opportunities and travel restrictions pose challenges. The underground economy and crime have thrived as a result.

The ongoing operation, called “Operation Wuambushu,” faces obstacles such as court orders blocking expulsions and Comoros refusing to take back migrants. President Emmanuel Macron’s recent meeting with Comoros President Azali Assoumani aimed to resolve the impasse.

While some residents support the security surge, there are concerns about the potential fallout, including the separation of children from their families. Human rights organizations have called for housing provisions for expelled families and mental health support for affected children.

As tensions continue to escalate, security forces act as a buffer between gangs and anti-migrant militias, while the divided population braces for further tensions as the operation progresses.